RUSSIA'S POSITION IN THE WORLD IN TERMS OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

Abstract

The aim of the research is to assess the level of development of Russia's scientific and technological complex in a comparative analysis of achieved parameters against the results of the world level. The relevance of the work is in determining the emerging trend of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation for the subsequent development of managerial decisions in the areas requiring close attention of the state. The study is based on the available information resources that publish open data on international statistics for the period 2010-2019. The first stage involved a detailed analysis of the most significant indicators characterizing the level of resource endowment and efficiency of scientific activity in the countries and partners of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. At the second stage, based on the developed and applied methodology of point estimation, the final index of development of the scientific and technological complex was found for the countries at two time intervals. The results achieved in the Russian Federation were evaluated, and the factors that determined its position among the studied countries were given. According to the results of the study, the leaders in the final index of scientific and technological development are Switzerland, Sweden, South Korea and the Netherlands; the outsiders are India, Brazil and South Africa. The Russian Federation is included in the list of countries with a low level of scientific and technological development. A direct correlation between the level of resource provision and performance has been established, with a number of countries having a “deferred effect” due to the created reserve to build the resource potential in the past period, which later allowed them to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of scientific activity while reducing the resource base. It is revealed that the change in the amount of funding and availability of labor resources primarily affects the possibility of and return in obtaining a practical result, expressed by patent activity, and does not have a significant impact on publication. The solution to the problem of low efficiency of scientific activity in the Russian Federation and lagging behind the leading countries in scientific and technological development, in the opinion of the authors, lies in the reorientation of state policy to stimulate scientific organizations and researchers in obtaining demanded results of scientific activity from society and enterprises, with a decrease in the role of publication activity as the main criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of organizations subordinated to the Ministry of Science and Higher Education.