ИНСТРУМЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ ПРОТИВОДЕЙСТВИЯ НЕДОБРОСОВЕСТНОМУ ИСПОЛНЕНИЮ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО КОНТРАКТА

Abstract

The article deals with a wide range of issues related to the execution of contracts intended to meet state and municipal needs. The paper analyzes the key factors influencing the execution of a contract at various stages of the procurement process. Procurement risks are divided into four groups, which correspond to pre-contract preparation, the procurement procedure, post-contractual relations and the competence of the parties in the context of constantly changing legislation. In order to identify the proportion of ineffective purchases, an analysis of quantitative indicators for canceled contracts and accrued penalties was made. To describe the process of interaction between the parties at the stage of contract execution, a general model of post-contract opportunism is constructed. The applicability of said model in the field of public procurement is examined to assess the level of the supplier’s efforts to ensure the proper quality of execution of obligations, taking into account suppliers’ costs and possible sanctions from the customer. The analysis of these sanctions, provided for by Russian legislation, indicates mainly the use of punitive measures against the opportunist performer, applied after the discovery of the corresponding violation. The article considers three main types of contracts used in international practice: the fixed-price contract, the cost-reimbursement contract, and the incentive contract; the advantages and disadvantages of each of them are indicated. In conclusion of the article, a set of tools and methods to counteract opportunist execution of the contracts is presented, and a summary of the study results is given.