New Factors and Stages of the Global and Russian Climate Policy

Abstract

It is shown that climate policies of the largest national economies became to be constructed now from co-benefits, i.e. advantages of greenhouse gas emissions reduction for energy efficiency, deployment of new technologies, human health, energy security, etc. This impacted the development and adoption of the new UN climate agreement. In 2020-2030-ies countries should rearrange policies to optimize long-term national costs of emission reduction and adaptation to negative climate changes. The paper proposes elements for Russia's climate policy.